The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison

The literary piece â€Å"The Bluest Eye,† written by Toni Morrison and published in circa 1970, has centered on the story of an eleven-year-old female character, Pecola Breedlove (Foerstel, 2002). The central theme that has been apparent in the story is the desire of Pecola to have white skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes. Not only does she want a set of blue eyes but she actually wants the bluest shade of blue that there is.Her desires for this kind of physical appearance stems from her idea that those who are given these physical features are given or are receiving a certain kind of privilege from the society because of the stigma associated with it. Chloe Anthony Wofford, more popularly known as Toni Morrison, is the second of four Black children who belonged to a family who worked their way to living (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993). She was born in 1931 in Ohio and proceeded to earn her degree in prestigious universities, more specifically Howard and Cornell U niversity (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993).She has earned her positions in credible institution both in the academic ladder and in writing (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993). Later on, she made an impact through the novels she made that showed the plight of the Black Americans that contained narratives of different characters’ lives (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993). With the novels she made, she has earned several awards and recognition from different award-giving bodies in the field of literature that even included the Pulitzer Prize for the year 1988 (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993).Summary of the Novel In Morrison’s novel, â€Å"The Bluest Eye,† Pecola has shown to be a girl who is born to parents who lived difficult lives in their past. Pecola’s mother, Pauline, has lived in isolation, often beaten up by his husband who she often provokes to do such, and only feels worth at work where she is made t o clean the house of a White woman. On the other hand, Pecola’s father, Cholly, is a drunkard whose current state of misery is blamed to his parents abandoning him when he was still a child.He is made to live with his great aunt and an experience he could not forget is the incident where he felt humiliated when to White men caught him cohabiting and sexually exploited him. Soon, he found where his father is but the latter refused to take him in his life and later on met Pauline. They built a life together but soon, love is lost between them and they have both lost everything they had. Pecola came to their lives but she has also received failures from the personal angst of her parents.She has adopted the desires of being White from her mother as they both think that it is their only way to draw acceptance from the society they live in. It has served as an important part of their lives to desire for the physical features of a White individual because it somehow gives them hopes of being in a better condition than what they have now. However, it gives them frustrations, too, as society continuously rejects them and presses on their being Black as the very reason why they are treated badly. As for the miseries of Cholly, he ends up raping Pecola out of both guilt and emotional feelings for his child.Pecola becomes pregnant but the baby dies and her father decides to rape her for the second time. After this, she becomes lunatic which is the time when she thought that she had the bluest eye there is. Approach to the Novel The novel, during the time of its publication, has taken a different course from the usual ones taken by the Black women writers, who, in their literary works, meant to â€Å"destroy negative stereotypes of Black women, to present the relationship between Black men and women as ‘complimentary,’ and to affirm the Black family and community† (Dubey, 1994, p.33). It has been exceptionally regarded as a literary piece that ha s laid before its audience the problems within the selves of the Black community that requires attention in order for them to proceed into accepting that they are a race equally superior and equally beautiful as the White (Dubey, 1994). While they condemn the disparities between the White and the Blacks, within them are the desires to be among the White people.Their condemnations arise from the issues they have with regard to their acceptance in a society dominated by the White people and they see that assimilation to this particular culture is the means through which they could fight it but is actually not. As shown in the novel of Morrison, it is best to realize the psychological and social impacts of the desires to be White in order to fully acquire an identity for the Black community (Dubey, 1994).Moreover, it should be understood that the work of Morrison requires an understanding of the history of the Black community as they tried to establish a place for their selves in the s ociety where they live in. There is a common factor which should be targeted, which is the presence of direct and indirect discrimination against the Black community. Through time, it has become apparent that there is really a big difference with how White and Black individuals are treated. Moreover, the source for the discrimination felt by the Blacks should be understood in order to understand the novel.This is because the source of the Black characters in the story stems from a real-life dilemma that is not explicitly stated in the text. There is a need to unravel the true cause for the behavior of the characters in order to understand the way they feel and the way they are in terms of their relationship with society. Traditional beliefs, Practices, and Artistic Forms â€Å"The Bluest Eye† also contains elements of traditional beliefs, practices, and artistic forms in the later life of Pecola.When she became pregnant, Claudia and Frieda McTeer, children of the couples whom Pecola lived with, used their money in order to buy marigold seeds. They believed that if this would bear flowers, then the baby of Pecola would live, which is what they wanted despite the opposite stance of the people in their community. The money they used in order to buy the seeds is originally meant for the bicycle they wanted to buy for themselves but because of the importance and great belief they put on this practice, they prioritized the seeds instead of the bike.Their belief on this particular practice is further reinforced as the plant does not bloom and the baby of Pecola dies, which they could correlate because of the incident. Moreover, it has shown that the artistic manner of communication by the Blacks has been adopted by Morrison. The author wants to present the â€Å"aural literature† as she deliberately formed the sentences in such a way that a Black individual will be heard conversing to the audience and to other characters.To a certain extent, it pushes t he approach away from the typical written language but delves more into the spoken language (â€Å"Toni Morrison,† 2009). While there are critics who mentioned that â€Å"her prose is rich,† she claims that it is an inherent quality of the Black language (â€Å"Toni Morrison,† 2009). She treats the manner of speaking observed from the Black people to be a distinct and different set of language that forms a body of its own as modifications and creations have evolved to how they use this language now.Moreover, it is said that the novel and other literary pieces written in the same manner has replaced the role of music played by the Blacks before (â€Å"Toni Morrison,† 2009). However, replacement may not be the term intended for this but rather, they simply shared the same portion and works towards the same goals, because of the same purpose, but uses different means. Preserving the Black Language With the manner by which the author structured the words and the sentences, the Black language has become apparent throughout the text.The rich and poetic form that is embodied in the language of the Blacks is an element that the author wants to retain. This lies beneath the psychological and social themes of incest, racial discrimination, and desires to be White. It tries to preserve the approach of this language developed within this race through the experiences of the characters and the conversations included in the story. It has been mentioned earlier that the different forms of Black music has shared a role with the literary pieces in keeping the culture alive for the Black community.With the onset of popular culture and the desires for assimilation, it is important that the unique characteristics and the distinct nature of the Black culture be preserved together with their history and unique experiences. Adopting other Cultures and Traditions As the author means to direct the entire story towards the Black community, most of the culture s and traditions that have been presented come from that of the Blacks. However, it still relates the Black culture into the White because of the interaction between the two that served as the important aspect of the paper.The only element that is taken from the White culture is the seemingly distorted and limited view of beauty, which requires them to see it within a white-skinned, blonde, and blue-eyed individual. Better treatment and the regard for superiority of people fitting this description has been ingrained into the lives of the Black characters as it is adopted from the White culture. This is seen to be the condition of the people during the time of the narrator’s existence but is constantly changing as we now see it. References Dubey, M. (1994).Black women novelists and the nationalist aesthetic. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press. Foerstel, H. (2002). Banned in the USA: A reference guide to book censorship in schools and public libraries. (2nd Ed. ). Westp ort, CT: Greenwood Publishing. Toni Morrison: Biography. (1993). Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1993/morrison-bio. html. Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye. † Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/english/melani/cs6/morrison. html#black.

Human Resource Cultural Due Diligence Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 980 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? 1. Company Organization Management 2. General Human Resource Programs 3. Hiring and Employment Policy 4. Labor Relations Activity 5. Compensation Perquisite Practices 6. Overview of Benefit Programs 7. Retirement, Profit Sharing, Savings Plans 8. Group Insurance 9. Equal Employment Opportunity 10. Occupational Safety Health 11. External Environmental Factors 12. Corporate Culture Company Organization Management 1. Evaluation Factors a) Organization Structure: i) Mission Statement ii) Functional Reporting relationships iii) Position responsibilities iv) Administrative reporting relationships v) Interface with union representatives, government agencies, etc. vi) Regional/plant personnel functions (not reporting to corporate) b) Scope of department responsibilities authority: i) Key sub functions ii) Ad hoc tasks and responsibilities iii) Policy-making capabilities] iv) Bargaining unit negotiations c) Prof iles of key management: i) Personal profiles (names, positions, education, etc.) ii) Skills and talents iii) Attitudes toward achievement iv) Historical data on experience and background v) Areas of responsibility vi) Intention to continue after merger/acquisition vii) Compensation history (cash, equity, and deferred arrangements) viii) Contractual arrangements ix) Personal, noncontractual arrangements d) Employee payroll records e) Payroll history f) Physical office arrangements/sufficient space g) Human Resource operating budget: i) Allocations ii) Performance to plan iii) Historical iv) Planning process 2. Considerations a) Internal external reputation of department management b) Type and strength of management control: i) Centralization ii) Formality iii) Participative decision-making iv) Autonomy c) Leadership qualities d) Necessity for additional management following acquisition e) Competency and adequacy of current management f) Adequacy of department staff members g) Lines of succession h) Morale, work climate, and motivation levels i) Level of work commitment j) Team orientation k) Compatibility of management styles between companies l) Attitude of company management toward risk m) Authority structure and degrees of responsibility at each hierarchical level n) Inter and intra-departmental conflict o) Formal vs. informal organizational structure 3. Data Sources a) Organization charts b) Position descriptions c) Compensation records d) Personnel files e) Management contracts f) Personnel policies and procedures manual g) Operations (policy) manuals h) Operations budget i) Human Resource information systems i) Management reports (turnover, FTE, merit increases, absence, etc.) General Human Resource Programs 1. Evaluation Factors a) Existence of employee development (training) programs: i) 1st 2nd line supervisors ii) Managers iii) Degree of company commitment iv) All employees v) Program documentation b) EEO/Affirmative Action Program (See Section 9) c) Management succession program d) Employee education programs: i) Annual costs ii) Reimbursement scope iii) Level of employee participation iv) Employee scholarships v) Eligibility e) Safety programs (See Section 10) f) Communication programs: i) ii) Hot Line telephone iii) House organs/newspapers/employee publicity iv) Quality circles and the like v) Employee orientation practices vi) Attitude surveys g) Community relations/public relations programs/scholarship funds h) Policies and procedures i) Compensation practices (See Section 5) j) Benefit programs (See Sections 6, 7, 8) k) Relocation allowances l) Computerized data sources and information m) Use of outside consultants n) Employee Assistance (EAP and Grievance programs 2. Employee services i) Physical fitness programs ii) Recreation iii) Social programs iv) Parking v) Credit Union b) Employee food services: i) In-house facilities (cafeteria, eating areas, etc.) ii) Neighborhood restaurants 3. Considerations a) Quality and professionalism of employee programs b) Fairness of application and eligibility c) Degree o mechanization and /or computerization d) Comprehensiveness of company policies e) Staffing vs. use of outside services f) Efficiency of computer resources g) Availability and quality of in-house medical staff 4. Data Sources a) Personnel policies and procedures manual b) Administration and operating (policy) manuals c) Employee handbooks d) Employee announcements and memoranda e) Accident log (5 years) COMPANY CULTURE 1. Basic Driving Force of Business a) For example, but not limited to technology, research, marketing, service, finance, other b) Are there Corporate value s and what are they? c) What is vision/strategic intent? d) Are their values reflected/ contradicted in their compensation system 2. Operating environment a) Short/Long term orientation b) Degree of entrepreneurialism c) How far along are they in TQM initiatives? d) Level of competition (how competitive in the market) e) Extent of competitive advantages f) How structured is decision-making process? g) Degree of complexity of company (example: conglomerate, global, different business) h) Commitment to employee health and safety i) Employee involvement j) Risk taking atmosphere k) Degree of accountability and responsibility given employees at different levels l) Concern of social responsibility m) Labor relations philosophy 3. Life Style Indicators a) Travel and entertainment practices b) Working environment c) Company car practices d) Management perquisites e) Distinctions between levels of management 4. Organization a) Flat/hierarchical team/empowerment practices b) Centralized/decentralized c) Formalized leadership development/succession planning d) Turnover/senior management and key employees e) Time in position / senior managers f) Recruitment practices internal external g) Profile of Human Resources h) Degree of computerization i) Paternalistic versus low involvement j) Task versus people oriented k) Bureaucratic versus informal l) Generalist versus specialist m) Composition of board n) Procedures used in employee selection o) Promote from within versus hire from outside p) Long service versus up and out q) Degree of diversity 5. Interpersonal Style a) Formal / informal b) Leadership styles c) Communication approaches (bulletin board/ TV/ Newsletters, MBWA/ annual reports, d) etc.) e) Employee morale indicators (demeanor of employees/management treatment of f) employees/ treatment of customers) g) Chemistry between current company leadership team and target team 6. Reward Recognition a) Fixed/variable compensation b) Compensation policy practice c) Equity position of senior/key managers d) Celebration of success e) Promotion criteria 7. Data Sources a) Company mission/vision/strategic intent statements b) Strategic Plan c) Values statements d) Human Resources statements on mission/vision/intent e) Annual report f) Recruitment literature g) Minutes of executive committee h) Job Evaluation System i) Leadership and succession planning descriptions/plans j) Attitude survey k) Human Resource Policy Manual l) Performance Review forms m) Travel entertainment policy n) Dress code o) TQM literature p) Training guides/records q) Organization charts r) Employee publications s) Minutes of sessions with trade unions t) Suggestion system Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Human Resource Cultural Due Diligence Business Essay" essay for you Create order

Language Is Not Only Oral And Written By Gee, P. - 904 Words

What is language? When I first read the topic name I thought this question was absurd, language is what it has always been, a means to communicate, what more could there be to know? This perception changed as I read and analysed the videos and readings for this topic and navigated through my own social interactions and the unspoken societal rules that govern speech. My changing perception of what language can and can t do was influenced by the article Language and Learning in the Digital Age, written by Gee, P. Hayes, E. (2011) Gee Haynes argue that language is not only oral and written it can be a dialogue of the mind. When we think to ourselves we use an interesting aspect of language that is not oral, written or digitally enhanced, it is visual . Gee Haynes express â€Å"There is a mental language all people process and use; our thought process† (Gee, P. Haynes, E., 2011). I became aware that when I am thinking I am using speech patterns, to investigate a problem, sort through an idea or outline daily tasks, and I am using imagery to do it. Gee Haynes state â€Å"that humans think through images and experiences†¦not abstractions and generalisations†(Gee Haynes, 2011 p.12). The fact that we think visually and not all language is used just to communicate was an interesting aspect I had never thought of before. Even though I had achieved this new understanding of language I was still sceptical about what this topic could teach me about language that I didn t alreadyShow MoreRelatedLanguage, Language And Language1188 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage, comprising as it does of groups and blends of words, is the prime method for correspondence between individuals. Obviously, language is by all account not the only method for correspondence, yet it is the centrepiece of correspondence in human culture. 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China s Nationalism And Isolation From Western Society

For thousands of years China has operated dynastically, in a cyclic mode, causing no forward movement or linear progress. China’s ethnocentrism and isolation from Western society led to internal disorder. The isochronous nature of the Chinese feudal system eventually led to the demise of the last dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, in 1911. This vulnerability provided Western influence allowing for imperialism throughout the country. Students and intellectuals with Westernized educations saw that the political and social turmoil was attributed to a long history of rejection of anything Western. On May 4, 1919, students led a revolt, called the May Fourth Movement, against Confucian culture promoting science, democracy, and anti-imperialism. The May Fourth Movement was a period of total iconoclasm, of complete rejection of past tradition, and of absolute ratification of western ideals resulting in a literary revolution. 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Paris free essay sample

Paris is certainly both and has always been considered one of the most romantic cities in the world. Whether an artist, a businessman or a tourist, you will enjoy the long walks from Montmartre to the Quartier Latin. Going through some of the finest Roman and medieval monuments, sooner or later you will end up at a caf ©, standing on the Pont Neuf Bridge, or exploring a vintage fashion shop in the Marais district. Like New York or London, Paris is incomparable. As soon as you start exploring the worlds most visited city, youll feel like you are going through an open air museum. You wont see much of the capitals Celtic roots, but you will be able to admire its architectural splendors which go back to the 13th century, when the imposing Cathedral of Notre Dame started to be built. At that time, the swamplands forming the Marais district were drained and the Sorbonne University opened its doors. We will write a custom essay sample on Paris or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But it was during the Renaissance, in the 16th century, that Paris grandeur was created. Versailles became Louis XIVs headquarters, whose lavishness opened the doors to the French luxury goods industry. In the 19th century, Napoleon appointed Baron Haussmann to develop modern Paris, with its long boulevards, beautiful buildings and great parks that still make the city unique today. No wonder Paris is internationally renowned for its neoclassical architecture and its influence in fashion and the arts. Going by foot is the best way to explore the citys districts, its old centers, cemeteries and great parks. Its busy with thousands of tourists, but the city has managed to keep its real uthenticity with places like Montmartre, a good start for a tour, or the crowded Champs-Elys ©es with its legendary promenade. Those who fancy a trendier atmosphere, districts such as Le Maras, Quartier Latin or the quaint Canal St-Martin are the right places to be. If you like art galleries, museums or famous cabarets such as Folies Berg ©res, Paris has everything to meet your dreams. Its not as intense as London or New York, yet the combination of its historical heritage and its unique French touch makes this destination one of a kind.

Programming Essays - Programming Language Implementation

Programming PROGRAMMING A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as software. In some specialized, or dedicated, computers the operating instructions are embedded in their circuitry; common examples are the microcomputers found in calculators, wristwatches, automobile engines, and microwave ovens. A general-pur pose computer, on the other hand, contains some built-in programs (in ROM) or instructions (in the processor chip), but it depends on external programs to perform useful tasks. Once a computer has been programmed, it can do only as much or as little as the software controlling it at any given moment enables it to do. Software in widespread use includes a wide range of applications programs-instructions to the computer on how to perform various tasks. Languages. A computer must be given instructions in a language that it understands-that is, a particular pattern of binary digital information. On the earliest computers, programming was a difficult, laborious task, because vacuum-tube ON-OFF switches had to be set by hand. Teams of programmers often took days to program simple tasks such as sorting a list of names. Since that time a number of computer languages have been devised, some with particular kinds of functioning in mind and others aimed more at ease of use-the user-friendly approach. Machine Language. Unfortunately, the computer's own binary-based language, or machine language, is difficult for humans to use. The programmer must input every command and all data in binary form, and a basic operation such as comparing the contents of a register to the data in a memory-chip location might look like this: 11001010 00010111 11110101 00101011. Machine-language programming is such a tedious, time consuming, task that the time saved in running the program rarely justifies the days or weeks needed to write the program. Assembly Language. One method programmers devised to shorten and simplify the process is called assembly-language programming. By assigning a short (usually three-letter) mnemonic code to each machine-language command, assembly-language programs could be written and debugged-cleaned of logic and data errors-in a fraction of the time needed by machine-language programmers. In assembly language, each mnemonic command and its symbolic operands equals one machine instruction. An assembler program translates the mnemonic opcodes (operation codes) and symbolic operands into binary language and executes the program. Assembly language, however, can be used only with one type of CPU chip or microprocessor. Programmers who expended much time and effort to learn how to program one computer had to learn a new programming style each time they worked on another machine. What was needed was a shorthand method by which one symbolic statement could represent a sequence of many machine-language instructions, and a way that would allow the same program to run on several types of machines. These needs led to the development of so-called high-level languages. High-Level Languages. High-level languages often use English-like words-for example, LIST, PRINT, OPEN, and so on-as commands that might stand for a sequence of tens or hundreds of machine-language instructions. The commands are entered from the keyboard or from a program in memory or in a storage device, and they are intercepted by a program that translates them into machine-language instructions. Translator programs are of two kinds: interpreters and compilers. With an interpreter, programs that loop back to re-execute part of their instructions reinterpret the same instruction each time it appears, so interpreted programs run much more slowly than machine-language programs. Compilers, by contrast, translate an entire program into machine language prior to execution, so such programs run as rapidly as though they were written directly in machine language. The first commercial programmer was probably Grace Hopper (1906-92), an American. After programming an experimental computer at Harvard University, she worked on the UNIVAC I and II computers and developed a commercially usable high-level programming language called FLOWMATIC. To facilitate computer use in scientific applications, IBM then developed a language that would simplify work involving complicated mathematical formulas. Begun in 1954 and completed in 1957, FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator) was the first comprehensive high-level programming language that was widely used. In 1957, the Association for Computing

Genetic Engineering Essays - Molecular Biology, Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering Essays - Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering: A leap in to the future or a leap towards destruction? Introduction Science is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings that gave it birth. The transformation time from tree-shrew, to ape, to human far exceeds the time from an analytical engine, to a calculator, to a computer. However, science, in the past, has always remained distant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, but never in history has science be able to so deeply affect our lives as genetic engineering will undoubtedly do. With the birth of this new technology, scientific extremists and anti-technologists have risen in arms to block its budding future. Spreading fear by misinterpretation of facts, they promote their hidden agendas in the halls of the United States congress. They fear that it is unsafe; however, genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results, specifically in the field of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even agin g are a thing of the past. By understanding genetic engineering and its history, discovering its possibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fear covering this remarkable technical miracle can be lifted. The first step to understanding genetic engineering and embracing its possibilities for society is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering the evolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of nature's evolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first laws of heredity. Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of the next one hundred years following Mendel's discovery. These early studies concluded that each organism has two sets of character determinants, or genes (Stableford 16). For instance, in regards to eye color, a child could receive one set of genes from his or her father that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his or her mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the ch ild has a three in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes (Stableford 16). Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which reside in the nucleus of every living organism's cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acids, or DNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism. Sex cells are the only cells that contain a complete DNA map of the organism, therefore, the structure of a DNA molecule or combination of DNA molecules determines the shape, form, and function of the [organism's] offspring (Lewin 1). DNA discovery is attributed to the research of three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson in 1951. They were all later accredited with the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin 1). The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic short cut in the slow process of evolution (Stableford 25). In essence, scientists aim to remove one gene from an organism's DNA, and place it into the DNA of another organism. This would create a new DNA strand, full of new encoded instructions; a strand that would have taken Mother Nature millions of years of natural selection to develop. Isolating and removing a desired gene from a DNA strand involves many different tools. DNA can be broken up by exposing it to ultra-highfrequency sound waves, but this is an extremely inaccurate way of isolating a desirable DNA section (Stableford 26). A more accurate way of DNA splicing is the use of restriction enzymes, which are produced by various species of bacteria (Clarke 1). The restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand at a particular location called a nucleotide base, which makes up a DNA molecule. Now that the desired portion of the DNA is cut out, it can be joined to anothe st rand of DNA by using enzymes called ligases. The final important step in the creation of a new DNA strand